Bring 4 cups of water to a boil with around ½ tablespoon of salt in the water.
Boil pasta to al dente according to box instructions.
Meanwhile, zest and juice 1 lemon.
Measure out 2 cups of pecorino and set aside.
Crush whole peppercorns using a mortar and pestle, a bowl and a flat object (such as the end of a handle-less rolling pin), or by putting peppercorns in a plastic bag and hitting them with a mallet.
Remove at least ½ cup of starchy pasta water. Set aside.
Drain and set aside cooked pasta.
Heat a medium sized non-stick pan over medium heat.
Dry toast the crushed black peppercorns, stirring often until fragrant.
Add the lemon zest and stir to combine. The oils from the zest may sizzle a bit and should become very fragrant.
Once lightly toasted, add the lemon juice and turn the heat to low.
Stir to combine and allow to simmer gently on low heat for about 5 minutes.
In a medium-large mixing bowl (large enough for 3 cups of volume), add the grated pecorino cheese.
Make a small well in the middle and pour in the reserved pasta water.
Use a whisk to combine until the pecorino is thoroughly melted into a "cream."
Add cooked pasta to the pan with lemon and pepper. Toss to combine.
Use a rubber spatula to scoop all of the pecorino cream onto the pasta. Stir until well combined.
The dish should be plenty salty, but taste and add more if you wish.
Serve while hot and garnish with more black pepper and lemon zest and pecorino on top.